Power/Knowledge in Measure for Measure

I want to look at inclusionary and exclusionary power in Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, as Foucault uses those terms in his "15 January 1975" lecture. At first it seemed to me that Angelo, acting as the Duke's deputy, utilizes exclusionary, and the Duke (something more like) inclusionary power; but the situation now seems a bit more complicated than that.
     Duke Vincentio has "let slip" for "nineteen years" the enforcement of Vienna's strict laws against fornication (1.3.311), and puts Angelo in charge knowing he will be a severe enforcer-figure, thus drawing criticism from Vincentio himself while also reining in the town's "liberties" (in multiple senses). Angelo's strategy for enforcement seems stolidly exclusionary. He orders the executions of Claudio ("guilty" of impregnating his betrothed, Juliet) and Barnardine (who had escaped execution under the Duke because "his friends still wrought reprieves for him: and, indeed, his fact [...] came not to an undoubtful proof" (4.2.241-3)). Angelo's instructions to the Provost include the order that Claudio's head be brought to him after his decapitation, an interesting hint of attempted oversight. The head's status as a guarantor of justice properly executed (Shakespeare's London Bridge featured a display of severed heads to remind passersby of the penalty for treason) is problematized when, at Vincentio's urging, the head of the recently deceased pirate Ragozine is substituted for Claudio's, with Angelo none the wiser. Clearly, Angelo needs to learn a thing or two about effective surveillance before graduating to the use of Foucauldian inclusionary power.
     Duke Vincentio, on the other hand, paradoxically uses his abdication in the play's first scene to cement both his government's rule over the populace and his own position at the top of that "pyramid of uninterrupted power" (Foucault 45). By taking on a friar's habit, Vincentio puts not only his ordinary subjects (Claudio, Isabella, the Provost) but even the acting Duke, Angelo, in the position of inmates of the Panopticon. While Angelo exercises exclusionary power to "pluck down" the brothels and harshly punish fornicators, the Duke goes about collecting information about his subjects in the manner of the plague town "overseers" in Foucault's account. If anything, Vincentio's program is more efficient in that he is able to delegate parts of his task (as he does not only with Angelo, but also when he enlists Mariana, Isabella, and the Provost to carry out his schemes before they know he is the Duke) without sharing knowledge and thus control of the process with them. One might also see his plot to reconcile Mariana, who resides in a "moated grange" outside the city, with Angelo as a move toward greater inclusion: Mariana moves from a space beyond the easy surveillance of city authorities into the city proper.
     On the other hand, Angelo's exclusionary practices have a seemingly unintended inclusionary result. When Pompey first announces that "All houses in the suburbs of Vienna must be plucked down" (1.2.186), he also notes that those brothels within the city limits will be allowed to "stand for seed: they had gone down too, but that a wise burgher put in for them" (1.2.188-9). In this instance, Angelo's full exercise of (exclusionary) power seems to have been thwarted by the "wise burgher"'s buying up of the condemned properties. As implied when Pompey assures Mistress Overdone "though you change your place, you need not change your trade: I'll be your tapster still" (1.2.196-7), these "houses" will be converted into legitimate places of business only to serve as fronts for their continued operation as whorehouses. The result of this play of opposing forces (Angelo's brute force and the burgher's clever subversion of the law), interestingly enough, is the possibility for heightened surveillance as the brothels are quarantined within the city's jurisdiction. Pompey, Overdone, and their customers are drawn closer to the center of Vienna's administrative apparatus, and Pompey even becomes an agent of State justice as assistant to the executioner while serving time in prison.
     Perhaps more interesting than the contrast between Angelo's straightforward, exclusionary way of bringing order to Vienna and the surveillance characteristic of Duke Vincentio is the way that the attempt to exlude criminals from one space produces the unintended consequence of their inclusion in another, closer to the center of power and thus more accessible to strategies of "quadrillage," surveillance and analysis which allow for the more efficient extension of state power.